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  1. Home
  3. Identification And Determination Of Usnic Acid And Fatty Acid From Various Lichen Species In Arequipa, Peru, As Well As Antibacterial And Antioxidant Capacity.
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  3. Identification And Determination Of Usnic Acid And Fatty Acid From Various Lichen Species In Arequipa, Peru, As Well As Antibacterial And Antioxidant Capacity.

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Identification and determination of usnic acid and fatty acid from various lichen species in arequipa, Peru, as well

Fernando Carrasco1,2, Wilfredo Hernández1, Nino Castro2

  • 1Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Lima, Av. Javier Prado Este 4600, Lima, 33, Peru.

Heliyon
|November 8, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Peruvian lichens, including Psiloparmelia distincta, show potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Psiloparmelia distincta (rock substrate) is effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species, while other species offer valuable polyphenols.

Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Lichens are symbiotic organisms known for producing unique secondary metabolites.
  • Peru's diverse ecosystems harbor potentially valuable lichen species for medicinal applications.
  • Usnic acid and fatty acids are key compounds with known biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chemical composition (usnic acid, fatty acids) of seven lichen species from Arequipa, Peru.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lichen extracts against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
  • To assess the antioxidant capacity of these lichen extracts using various assays.

Main Methods:

  • Lichen species identification and collection from Arequipa, Peru.
  • Quantification of usnic acid (UA) and fatty acids (FA) using HPLC-DAD and GC-FID.
  • Antimicrobial activity testing via Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis.
  • Antioxidant capacity assessment using Total Phenolic Content (TPC), DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays.

    • Main Results:

    • Usnic acid content ranged from 0.017% to 0.304% across species.
    • Usnea durietzii exhibited the highest total fatty acid concentration (5.81 mg/g).
    • Psiloparmelia distincta (rock substrate) showed significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and Candida species (MICs 0.02-4 mg/mL).
    • Psiloparmelia distincta (tree substrate) demonstrated moderate TPC (29.1 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH IC50 1.45 mg/mL, ABTS 18.2 mg TE/g, FRAP 1953 μM Fe2+/g).

    Conclusions:

    • Psiloparmelia distincta (rock substrate) is a promising source of antimicrobial compounds.
    • Psiloparmelia distincta (tree substrate) and Punctelia graminicola possess significant antioxidant potential due to their polyphenol content.
    • This study highlights the potential of Peruvian lichens as a source of bioactive natural products.