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Meta-analysis: a tool for constructing theories or evaluating interventions or simply proving everyday assumptions?
1Psychological Institute, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Frontiers in Psychology
|November 8, 2024
Summary
Meta-analysis 2.0 is inadequate for theory building. A proposed meta-analysis 3.0, utilizing abduction, is essential for developing robust scientific theories by ensuring data stability and quantitative comparisons.
Area of Science:
- Scientific methodology
- Research synthesis
- Theory development
Background:
- Current meta-analysis (version 2.0) is insufficient for building scientific theories.
- Existing meta-analyses often yield homogeneous, small, or heterogeneous results.
- Meta-analysis 2.0 focuses on induction to find measurement instability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and describe meta-analysis 3.0 as a tool for theory building.
- To highlight the necessity of specific conditions for effective meta-analysis (valid independent variables, reduced error variance, stable effects, quantitative comparisons).
- To contrast the inductive approach of meta-analysis 2.0 with the abductive approach of meta-analysis 3.0.
Main Methods:
- Development of meta-analysis from version 2.0 to 3.0.
- Description of meta-analysis 3.0 procedures, including hypothetical and empirical examples.
- Application of abduction as the core research strategy in meta-analysis 3.0.
Main Results:
- Meta-analysis 3.0 requires valid independent variables, reduced dependent variable error variance, effect stability, and quantitative comparisons.
- Meta-analysis 3.0 seeks stability in quantitative data reconstructions across diverse topics.
- The study demonstrates the application of meta-analysis 3.0 through hypothetical and empirical examples.
Conclusions:
- Meta-analysis 3.0 is indispensable for scientific theorizing.
- Theorizing requires meta-analysis 3.0, establishing a symbiotic relationship.
- Abduction is identified as the crucial research strategy linking theorizing and meta-analysis 3.0, distinguishing it from induction.
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