Conceptualizing platformed conspiracism: Analytical framework and empirical case study of BitChute and Gab

Area of Science:

• Digital Sociology
• Communication Studies
• Science and Technology Studies

Background:

• Conspiracy theories are increasingly communicated through digital platforms.
• Platform specificities and user practices mutually shape the dissemination of online content.
• Understanding these dynamics is crucial for analyzing contemporary information ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce the concept of platformed conspiracism.
• To propose a platform-sensitive framework for studying conspiracy theory communication.
• To analyze how platform features and business models influence the spread of conspiracy theories on alternative social media.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual framework development.
• Qualitative analysis of platform features and content moderation policies.
• Case study examination of BitChute and Gab during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Results:

• BitChute and Gab mimic mainstream platforms but offer unique environments for conspiracy propagation.
• Their community-focused, politically marketed models and lenient moderation foster refuge for conspiracy theorists.
• These platforms enable diversification of presence and monetary profit from conspiracy content.

Conclusions:

• Platformed conspiracism highlights the socio-technological shaping of conspiracy communication.
• Alternative platforms serve as crucial infrastructures for the proliferation of conspiracy theories.
• The study provides a framework for future research into platform-mediated conspiracism.