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Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Perylene- and Perylene Diimide-based Framework Materials Constructed through Metal Coordination.

Junxiao Wang¹, Haoxuan Wei¹, Jun Guan¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 (P. R., China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|November 8, 2024

Summary

Perylene and perylene diimide linkers are used to construct metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and cages (MOCs). These materials show promise in sensing, catalysis, and energy applications due to tunable properties.

Keywords:

dimension metal organic cage metal organic framework perylene perylene diimide

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Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Supramolecular Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and cages (MOCs) are crystalline materials built from metal ions and organic linkers.
Perylene (P) and perylene diimide (PDI) based frameworks offer unique photophysical and electronic properties.
These materials have garnered significant interest for their versatile applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in the synthesis and application of P/PDI-based coordination frameworks.
To highlight the structure-property relationships in these materials.
To discuss future directions and challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

Overview of synthetic strategies for P/PDI organic linkers.
Integration of P/PDI linkers into 0D, 2D, and 3D coordination frameworks.
Exploration of structure-property correlations through experimental and theoretical studies.

Main Results:

Successful construction of diverse P/PDI-based MOFs and MOCs with tunable dimensionalities.
Demonstrated potential in sensing, photocatalysis, electrochemical devices, and photothermal conversion.
Established clear links between framework structure and material performance.

Conclusions:

P/PDI-based coordination frameworks are promising materials for advanced applications.
Further research into synthesis and application-driven design is warranted.
Addressing current challenges will unlock the full potential of these materials.