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Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Acute Pharyngitis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

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Thyroid Abscess: A Very Rare Entity in Child.

Kaoutar Danaoui1, Youssef Lakhdar2, Imane Fetoui1

  • 1Department of Pediatric A, Mohammed VI University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco.

Annals of African Medicine
|November 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid abscess is a rare pediatric emergency. This case highlights a recurrent thyroid abscess in a child, ultimately linked to a piriform sinus fistula requiring surgical intervention.

Keywords:
Abcès thyroïdienEmergencyfistule du sinus piriformepediatricpiriform sinus fistulapédiatriquethyroid abscessurgence

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Thyroid abscess is a rare but potentially fatal pediatric emergency.
  • Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) has a significant mortality rate (3.7%-9%).
  • Thyroid gland's unique characteristics offer resistance to pathogens, making abscesses and recurrences exceptional.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of recurrent thyroid abscess in a pediatric patient.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention for thyroid abscess.
  • To highlight the association between thyroid abscess and piriform sinus fistula.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 7-year-old girl with recurrent febrile torticollis and thyroid abscess.
  • Diagnostic workup included cervical computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound.
  • Endoscopic examination (nasofibroscopy and hypopharyngoscopy) identified a piriform sinus fistula.

Main Results:

  • Initial treatment with antibiotics led to temporary improvement.
  • Recurrence of symptoms 6 months later prompted further investigation.
  • Imaging and endoscopy revealed a left thyroid lobe abscess secondary to a piriform sinus fistula.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent complications in pediatric thyroid abscess.
  • Piriform sinus fistula is an underlying cause of recurrent thyroid abscess in children.
  • Surgical management, including sinus cauterization, is effective for this condition.