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Post-Discharge Growth Among Extremely Preterm Infants With or Without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Yasuka Kimoto1, Katsuya Hirata1, Shinya Hirano1

  • 1Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|November 8, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Extremely preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) requiring home respiratory care (HRC) experienced significant growth delays up to age five. This highlights the long-term impact of BPD and HRC on infant development.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Growth and Development
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting preterm infants.
  • Home respiratory care (HRC), including home oxygen therapy (HOT) and home mechanical ventilation (HMV), is often required for infants with BPD post-discharge.
  • The long-term effects of BPD and HRC on growth in extremely preterm infants are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and home respiratory care (HRC) with growth outcomes in extremely preterm infants.
  • To compare anthropometric measurements from birth to 5 years corrected age among infants with non-BPD, BPD without HRC, and BPD with HRC.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of data from a low-birth-weight infant development survey.
  • Inclusion of 788 singleton extremely preterm infants appropriate for gestational age.
  • Definition of BPD as requirement of supplemental oxygen or respiratory support at 36 weeks corrected gestational age.
  • Comparison of weight and length measurements from 0 to 5 years corrected age across three groups: non-BPD, BPD without HRC, and BPD with HRC.

Main Results:

  • Infants with BPD and HRC showed significantly lower weight and length from 0 to 5 years compared to infants without BPD or BPD without HRC.
  • Lower gestational age (GA) and BPD status were significantly associated with weight growth failure at 3 and 5 years.
  • Lower GA was significantly associated with length growth failure at 3 and 5 years, while BPD status showed a significant association at 3 years but not at 5 years.

Conclusions:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with home respiratory care (HRC) is linked to significant growth delay in extremely preterm infants up to 5 years of age.
  • The impact of BPD severity on length growth failure diminishes with age.
  • These findings underscore the importance of monitoring growth in extremely preterm infants with BPD and HRC.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasiagrowth failurehome respiratory carevery low birth weight

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