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Programmable Macrophage Vesicle Based Bionic Self-Adjuvanting Vaccine for Immunization against Monkeypox Virus.

Weiqiang Lin^1,2, Chenguang Shen³, Mengjun Li³

¹NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|November 8, 2024

Summary

A novel bionic self-adjuvanting vaccine (AM@AEvs-PB) shows promise for monkeypox virus (MPV) defense. This nanovaccine effectively enhances immune response and demonstrates protective effects in preclinical studies.

Keywords:

bionic vaccine extracellular enveloped virion intracellular mature virion macrophage vesicles monkeypox virus

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Published on: August 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Nanotechnology

Background:

Monkeypox virus (MPV) poses a significant global health threat, necessitating urgent vaccine development.
Current treatments for MPV are limited, highlighting the need for effective vaccination strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel bionic self-adjuvanting nanovaccine (AM@AEvs-PB) for defense against the monkeypox virus.
To evaluate the vaccine's ability to enhance antigen presentation and adaptive immunity.

Main Methods:

Construction of a nanovaccine using macrophage-derived vesicles loaded with MPV-related intracellular (A29L/M1R) and enveloped virion (B6R) antigens.
Utilizing a self-adjuvant strategy to promote antigen presentation and enhance immune responses.
Assessing the vaccine's efficacy through antigen-presenting cell activation ratios and a mouse challenge model.

Main Results:

The bionic nanovaccine (AM@AEvs-PB) effectively co-delivers mature virion and enveloped virion antigens.
Co-delivery of antigens via AM@AEvs-PB significantly enhanced antigen-presenting cell activation compared to single-antigen delivery.
Intramuscular administration of AM@AEvs-PB demonstrated robust immune protection in a mouse model challenged with MPV.

Conclusions:

The developed AM@AEvs-PB nanovaccine represents a promising strategy for preclinical monkeypox vaccine development.
The bionic, self-adjuvanting approach enhances immune responses against MPV by synergistic antigen presentation.
Further research and development are warranted to advance this vaccine candidate towards clinical application.