Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value01:13

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value

194
In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
Sensitivity is the...
194
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

12.7K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
12.7K
Accuracy and Errors in Hypothesis Testing01:13

Accuracy and Errors in Hypothesis Testing

176
Hypothesis testing is a fundamental statistical tool that begins with the assumption that the null hypothesis H0 is true. During this process, two types of errors can occur: Type I and Type II. A Type I error refers to the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis, while a Type II error involves the failure to reject a false null hypothesis.
In hypothesis testing, the probability of making a Type I error, denoted as α, is commonly set at 0.05. This significance level indicates a 5%...
176

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

IconicITA: Iconicity ratings of the Italian affective lexicon.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Specificity effect in concrete/abstract semantic categorization task.

Cognitive processing·2025
Same author

Understanding generative AI to harness its potentials and mini- mize risks: A perspective.

European journal of radiology·2025
Same author

CONcreTEXT norms: Concreteness ratings for Italian and English words in context.

PloS one·2023
Same author

Linguistic profile automated characterisation in pluripotential clinical high-risk mental state (CHARMS) conditions: methodology of a multicentre observational study.

BMJ open·2023
Same author

Specificity ratings for Italian data.

Behavior research methods·2022
Same journal

Higher- and lower-level processing in strategic reading: Reconceptualising the Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS).

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

More caution or more lenient: deciphering the role of negative affect in recognition and inference.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

Cognitive offloading, critical thinking and attitudes towards artificial intelligence in the era of ChatGPT: a comparative study of artificial intelligence-assisted and manual task performance in young adults.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

Emojis vs. black-and-white and colored drawings: comparing living and non-living things in oral naming.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

The impact of facial expressions on space- and object-based attention by gaze cues.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

Feature interaction in metaphor aptness: the impact of topic-and-vehicle applicable features and semantic distances.

Cognitive processing·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
09:00

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

707

Specificity ratings for English data.

Andrea Amelio Ravelli1, Marianna Marcella Bolognesi1, Tommaso Caselli2

  • 1ABSTRACTION Research Group, Department of Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures, University of Bologna, Via Cartoleria 5, 40124, Bologna, BO, Italy.

Cognitive Processing
|November 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new dataset of word specificity ratings. Specificity, alongside concreteness, significantly impacts word processing and decision-making in cognitive tasks.

Keywords:
AbstractionBest–worst-scalingCategorizationConcretenessCross-language comparisonHuman ratingsSpecificity

More Related Videos

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

403
Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
09:00

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

707
Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

403
Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Lexical Semantics

Background:

  • Existing research often examines word properties like concreteness.
  • The role of word specificity in cognitive tasks requires further investigation.
  • Cross-linguistic comparability of rating data is crucial for broader understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and analyze a novel dataset of specificity ratings for English words.
  • To investigate the contribution of specificity and concreteness to decision latencies in lexical and semantic tasks.
  • To facilitate cross-linguistic comparisons by aligning with established datasets.

Main Methods:

  • Collected specificity ratings using the best-worst scaling method.
  • Utilized words from the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) dataset.
  • Analyzed data for individual contributions to decision latencies.

Main Results:

  • Specificity ratings demonstrate significant explanatory power for decision latencies.
  • Specificity and concreteness show independent contributions to task performance.
  • The dataset is compatible with existing resources and Italian specificity data.

Conclusions:

  • Word specificity is a critical factor in cognitive word processing.
  • Future research on concreteness effects should incorporate specificity.
  • This dataset enables robust cross-linguistic investigations into word properties.