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Innovative anticancer nanocomposites from Corchorus olitorius mucilage/chitosan/selenium nanoparticles
Mohsen M El-Sherbiny1, Mohamed E El-Hefnawy2, Ahmed A Tayel3
1Department of Marine Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Cancers are continuing to threaten human health globally; the achievement of effectual and biosafe anticancerous compounds is a precious goal. The extraction of Corchorus olitorius mucilage (Jm) and its usage for selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) biosynthesis was projected. The innovative formulation of bioactive nanocomposites (NCs) from Jm/SeNPs and chitosan nanoparticles (Cht) was also proposed to apply these NCs as effectual anticancers against CaCo-2 and HeLa cancerous cells. The Jm/SeNPs biosynthesis (mean diameter = 6.45 nm) was innovatively achieved and confirmed using infrared and ultraviolet-visible analysis. The constructions of different NCs were done (N1: 2Jm/SeNPs:1Cht; N2: 1Jm/SeNPs:1Cht; and N3: 1Jm/SeNPs:2Cht) with mean particles' diameter of 88.41, 46.86 and 69.35 nm, respectively. The cytotoxicity assay of constructed NCs indicated their potentialities to suppress examined cells; N1 (negatively charged; -16.2 mV) was the most forceful with IC50 of 12.36 and 73.15 mg/L against CaCo-2 and HeLa cells, respectively. The scanning microscopy imaging of treated CaCo-2 cells with N1 of Cht/Jm/SeNPs indicated that the NCs led to remarkable apoptotic destructions of treated cells, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cell debris and apoptotic indices. The innovative NCs from Cht/Jm/SeNPs are promisingly recommended as effectual, natural and bioactive anticancer formulations against human cancers.
Insights
This study developed novel nanocomposites using Corchorus olitorius mucilage (Jm) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with chitosan (Cht). These Jm/SeNPs/Cht nanocomposites show potent anticancer activity against CaCo-2 and HeLa cells, offering a natural therapeutic approach.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Global cancer burden necessitates development of safe and effective anticancer agents.
- Natural compounds offer a promising avenue for novel cancer therapies.
- Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize Jm/SeNPs and formulate Jm/SeNPs/Cht nanocomposites.
- To evaluate the anticancer potential of these nanocomposites against CaCo-2 and HeLa cells.
- To investigate the mechanism of cell death induced by the nanocomposites.
Main Methods:
- Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using Corchorus olitorius mucilage (Jm).
- Formulation of Jm/SeNPs/Chitosan (Cht) nanocomposites (N1, N2, N3) with varying ratios.
- Characterization using FTIR, UV-Vis, and particle size analysis.
- Cytotoxicity assays (IC50 determination) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological analysis.
Main Results:
- Successful biosynthesis of Jm/SeNPs (6.45 nm) and Jm/SeNPs/Cht nanocomposites (46.86–88.41 nm).
- Nanocomposite N1 (2Jm/SeNPs:1Cht) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 12.36 mg/L (CaCo-2) and 73.15 mg/L (HeLa).
- SEM imaging revealed significant apoptotic morphological changes in CaCo-2 cells treated with N1, including shrinkage and membrane blebbing.
Conclusions:
- The developed Jm/SeNPs/Cht nanocomposites demonstrate significant anticancer properties.
- Nanocomposite N1 is a potent candidate for further investigation as a natural anticancer formulation.
- This study highlights the potential of combining natural mucilage, selenium nanoparticles, and chitosan for cancer therapy.
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