Giant tunnel electroresistance through a Van der Waals junction by external ferroelectric polarization

The burgeoning interest in two-dimensional semiconductors stems from their potential as ultrathin platforms for next-generation transistors. Nonetheless, there persist formidable challenges in fully obtaining high-performance complementary logic components and the underlying mechanisms for the polarity modulation of transistors are not yet fully understood. Here, we exploit both ferroelectric domain-based nonvolatile modulation of Fermi level in transitional metal dichalcogenides (MoS₂) and quantum tunneling through nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Our prototype devices, termed as vertical tunneling ferroelectric field-effect transistor, utilizes a Van der Waals MoS₂/h-BN/metal tunnel junction as the channel. The Fermi level of MoS₂ is bipolarly tuned by ferroelectric domains and sensitively detected by the direct quantum tunneling strength across the junction, demonstrating an impressive electroresistance ratio of up to 10⁹ in the vertical tunneling ferroelectric field-effect transistor. It consumes only 0.16 fJ of energy to open a ratio window exceeding 10⁴. This work not only validates the effectiveness of tailored tunnel barriers in manipulating electronic flow but also highlights a new avenue for the design flexibility and functional versatility of advanced ferroelectric memory technology.