Multi-Objective Design and Optimization of Hardware-Friendly Grid-Based Sparse MIMO Arrays

A comprehensive design framework is proposed for optimizing sparse MIMO (multiple-input, multiple-output) arrays to enhance multi-target detection. The framework emphasizes efficient utilization of antenna resources, including strategies for minimizing inter-element mutual coupling and exploring alternative grid-based sparse array (GBSA) configurations by efficiently separating interacting elements. Alternative strategies are explored to enhance angular beamforming metrics, including beamwidth (BW), peak-to-sidelobe ratio (PSLR), and grating lobe limited field of view. Additionally, a set of performance metrics is introduced to evaluate virtual aperture effectiveness and beamwidth loss factors. The framework explores optimization strategies for the partial sharing of antenna elements, specifically tailored for multi-mode radar applications, utilizing the desirability function to enhance performance across various operational modes. A novel machine learning initialization approach is introduced for rapid convergence. Key observations include the potential for peak-to-sidelobe ratio (PSLR) reduction in dense arrays and insights into GBSA feasibility and performance compared to uniform arrays. The study validates the efficacy of the proposed framework through simulated and measured results. The study emphasizes the importance of effective sparse array processing in multi-target scenarios and highlights the advantages of the proposed design framework. The proposed design framework for grid-spaced sparse arrays stands out for its superior efficiency and applicability in processing hardware compared to both uniform and non-uniform arrays.