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Preeclampsia and Future Implications on Growth and Body Composition in Preterm Infants

Elisabeth Calek1, Julia Binder2, Pilar Palmrich2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care Medicine and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Nutrients
|November 9, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Infants born to mothers with preeclampsia, with or without intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), show reduced fat-free mass (FFM) at term-equivalent age. This finding highlights potential long-term impacts on preterm infant growth and body composition.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal research
  • Perinatal medicine
  • Pediatric nutrition

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is linked to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), affecting preterm infant growth and neurodevelopment.
  • The impact of preeclampsia without IUGR on infant nutrition and body composition is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the body composition of preterm infants born to mothers with preeclampsia, with or without IUGR.
  • To compare fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in infants exposed to preeclampsia versus controls.

Main Methods:

  • Air displacement plethysmography used to measure body composition (FFM, FM) at term-equivalent age.
  • Study included 291 preterm infants in three groups: control, preeclampsia without IUGR (PE-non-IUGR), and preeclampsia with IUGR (PE-IUGR).

Main Results:

  • Infants in both PE-IUGR and PE-non-IUGR groups had significantly lower FFM compared to controls.
  • No significant differences in fat mass (FM) were observed between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm infants born to mothers with preeclampsia, even without IUGR, exhibit lower FFM at term-equivalent age.
  • Further research is needed to explore potential interventions to modify these body composition differences.
Abstract

Keywords:
air displacement plethysmographybody compositionfat-free massintrauterine growth restrictionnutritionpreeclampsiapreterm infant

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