Dental Functional Status as a Possible Risk Factor of Sarcopenia: A Computed Tomography-Based Study

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Radiology
• Oral Health

Background:

• Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle mass loss, may be influenced by chewing efficiency, which is dependent on functional dentition.
• Understanding the relationship between oral health and sarcopenia is crucial for geriatric health management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess sarcopenia status using computed tomography (CT)-based imaging.
• To investigate the association between functional dentition and sarcopenia.
• To examine the relationship between denture condition and sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

• Computed tomography (CT) scans were used to measure psoas muscle area and radiodensity (Hounsfield Unit Average Calculation - HUAC) for sarcopenia assessment.
• Functional dentition was evaluated based on the number of teeth and occlusal pairs.
• Denture condition was also assessed in 309 patients.

Main Results:

• Sarcopenia was identified in 24.5% of patients.
• Patients with sarcopenia had significantly fewer teeth compared to those without sarcopenia (17.12 vs. 22.24, p < 0.001).
• A significant positive association was found between ill-fitting dentures and sarcopenia (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

• Tooth loss and poor denture fit are significantly associated with sarcopenia.
• Maintaining functional dentition and adequate occlusion is important for preventing sarcopenia.
• This study highlights the link between oral health and muscle mass in older adults.