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Negative Emotion (dys)regulation Predicts Distorted Time Perception: Preliminary Experimental Evidence and
Skye C Napolitano1, Isabella K Peckinpaugh2, Sean P Lane1,3
1Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Journal of Personality
|November 9, 2024
Summary
Negative affect and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms can distort time perception. Rumination
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Cognitive Science
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Accurate time perception is vital for daily functioning but is susceptible to distortions.
- Negative affect is known to dilate subjective time, making it feel like time passes more slowly.
- Rumination and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms are individually linked to time distortion, but their combined effects are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether rumination and BPD symptoms exacerbate time dilation in negative affective states.
- To explore the interplay between negative affect, rumination, BPD symptoms, and subjective time perception.
- To understand the clinical implications of time distortion in relation to these psychological factors.
Main Methods:
- An online pilot study utilizing a between-subjects experimental mood induction design.
- Adult participants (N=760) were recruited from online platforms and a university.
- Measured the predictive roles of negative affect, rumination, and BPD symptoms on time perception.
Main Results:
- Increased negative affect and BPD features were associated with greater time dilation.
- Trait rumination had a complex effect: it reduced time dilation in individuals with low BPD symptoms but increased it in those with high BPD symptoms during neutral conditions.
- The interaction between BPD symptoms and rumination influenced time perception differently across affective states.
Conclusions:
- This study provides initial evidence for the roles of negative affect and rumination in time dilation, particularly concerning BPD symptom levels.
- Findings suggest that time distortion is influenced by the interplay of emotional state, cognitive regulation strategies, and personality disorder features.
- Further research is needed to replicate and extend these findings, potentially informing new psychotherapeutic targets for treating time perception disturbances.
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