Part II: Beyond Broken Histories: Reframing Professional Identity and the Historical Genesis of Manual Therapy....

Perspectives on the historical genesis of manual therapy for chiropractic, manual medicine, osteopathy, and physiotherapy are limited.

This study sought to identify themes and narratives related to the genesis of manual therapy; the potential of a common root for manual therapy in 19^th century Northern Europe; and the potential impact of a current 'broken history' for manual therapy.

An exploratory phenomenological approach was utilized, based upon structured one-hour interviews of 21 professionals across four professions who had previously completed a survey on the historical genesis of manual therapy.

Descriptive and hermeneutic themes were developed based upon the lived experience of individuals relating to interview questions and a presented historical narrative. Support for a common genesis in Northern Europe was present within physiotherapists, but for all other professions North America was primary. Multiple themes and quotes of significance were developed from the study, including the importance of history within professional identity. An archetypal analysis was completed to answer specific assumptions related to the historical genesis of manual therapy including points of genesis for manual therapy and scientific necessity within manual therapy.

The findings of this study provide new perspectives to consider on the value, criticality, and impact of manual therapy, and its history's for the four professions in practice, education, and regulations.