Two new flavonoid glucosides from Penthorum chinense Pursh

Two new flavonoids, Alpinetin-7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxy-diphenoyl]-β-D-glucose (1), Pinocembrin-7-O-[4''-O-galloyl]-β-D-glucose (2), and three known compound (3-5) were isolated from Penthorum chinense Pursh (Saxifragaceae). The structures of all compounds were deduced from their comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including IR, HR-ESI-MS,¹H NMR,¹³C NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMBC and HMQC. Molecular docking model was used to test the anti-cholestatic liver activities of the isolated compounds, and compounds 1 and 2 showed higher docking scores (-9.90 and -11.27 kcal/mol, respectively) binding with FXR than 3, 4 and 5 (-8.00, -9.77, -9.10 kcal/mol, respectively), suggesting 1 and 2 exhibited potential anti-cholestatic activities. The present results show that P. chinense is a potential source of 2 new lead compounds that can be utilised to produce therapeutic drugs for liver diseases upon further studies.