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Artemis and its role in cancer
Armen Parsyan1, Vasudeva Bhat2, Harjot Athwal3
1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Surgery, St Joseph's Health Care and London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.
Abstract:
Artemis is a key nuclease involved in the non-homologous end joining repair pathway upon DNA double-stranded breaks and during V(D)J recombination. It participates in various cellular processes and cooperates with various proteins involved in tumorigenesis. Its hereditary mutations lead to several pathological conditions, such as severe combined immunodeficiency with radiation sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that Artemis deregulation plays an important role in cancer and is associated with poorer oncologic outcomes and resistance to treatment including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapeutics. Artemis emerges as an attractive candidate for cancer prognosis and treatment. Its role in modulating sensitivity to ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging agents makes it an appealing target for drug development. Various existing drugs and novel compounds have been described to inhibit Artemis activity. This review synthesizes the up-to-date information regarding Artemis function, its role in different malignancies and its clinical utility as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in Oncology.
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