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Related Experiment Videos

Perinatal glucocorticoids disrupt learning: a sexually dimorphic response.

J P Vicedomini, A J Nonneman, S T DeKosky

    Physiology & Behavior
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Perinatal exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids like dexamethasone impairs spatial learning in rats. Female rats show greater impairment, suggesting gender-specific effects on hippocampal development.

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    Registries and Cohorts to Accelerate Early Phase Alzheimer's Trials. A Report from the E.U./U.S. Clinical Trials in Alzheimer's Disease Task Force.

    The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease·2017

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Biology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Perinatal glucocorticoid exposure can disrupt hippocampal-dentate gyrus development by inhibiting neurogenesis.
    • This disruption may lead to long-term cognitive deficits, particularly in hippocampal-dependent functions.
    • Understanding these effects is crucial for identifying risks associated with early-life stress or medical treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the long-term effects of perinatal dexamethasone exposure on hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and motor coordination in rats.
    • To determine if these effects are dose-dependent and exhibit gender differences.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats of both sexes received high (100 mg/kg) or low (1 mg/kg) dose dexamethasone on postnatal day four.

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  • Control groups received saline or nutritional deprivation.
  • Behavioral tests assessing motor coordination and spatial learning/reversals were conducted in adulthood.

    • Main Results:

    • Dexamethasone treatment impaired spatial learning and reversal acquisition in a dose-dependent manner.
    • Low-dose dexamethasone impaired learning compared to controls; high-dose caused significant impairments.
    • Female rats in the high-dose group showed greater learning deficits than males.

    Conclusions:

    • Perinatal dexamethasone exposure causes lasting deficits in hippocampal-dependent spatial learning.
    • The observed impairments are dose-dependent and show significant gender differences, with females being more vulnerable.
    • Enhanced glucocorticoid binding in female hippocampi may underlie these gender-specific effects.