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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Mitigating coherent loss in superconducting circuits using molecular self-assembled monolayers.

Mohammed Alghadeer1,2,3, Archan Banerjee4,5, Kyunghoon Lee4,5

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Molecular self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) chemically bind to interfaces in superconducting circuits, preventing oxide regrowth and improving quantum device performance. This novel approach enhances quality factors in quantum computing and sensing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing and Sensing
  • Materials Science for Superconducting Circuits

Background:

  • Decoherence in superconducting circuits, caused by two-level-system (TLS) defects at interfaces, limits quantum computing and sensing.
  • Existing methods like oxide etching are insufficient due to persistent oxide regrowth, hindering device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel method using molecular self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to mitigate TLS defects at interfaces in superconducting circuits.
  • To demonstrate SAMs' ability to prevent oxide regrowth and tailor dielectric properties, thereby improving resonator performance.

Main Methods:

  • Application of molecular self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to interfaces of superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators.
  • Surface passivation using SAMs after oxide etching.
  • Microwave measurements at millikelvin temperatures.
  • Material characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Main Results:

  • SAMs effectively impede oxide regrowth on etched superconducting surfaces.
  • Tailored dielectric properties at resonator interfaces were achieved.
  • Consistent improvement in measured quality factors across multiple SAM-treated resonators compared to conventionally etched ones.

Conclusions:

  • Self-assembled monolayers offer a promising and compatible technique for passivating interfaces in superconducting quantum devices.
  • This method significantly enhances resonator quality factors, addressing a key challenge in quantum technology development.
  • The integration of SAMs presents a viable route for improving the performance and scalability of superconducting quantum computers and sensors.