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Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Aberrant dynamic functional network connectivity in patients with diffuse axonal injury.

Jian Li1,2, Yao Wang1,2, Yuanyuan Wang1,2

  • 1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.

Scientific Reports
|November 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) alters dynamic brain connectivity, impacting cognitive function. These changes in functional network connectivity (FNC) offer new insights into DAI

Keywords:
Cognitive impairmentDiffuse axonal injuryFunctional magnetic resonance imagingResting-state networkTemporal variability

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a severe traumatic brain injury associated with cognitive impairment.
  • The network mechanisms underlying neurocognitive deficits in DAI are not fully understood.
  • Functional connectivity alterations are implicated in DAI pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate static and dynamic functional network connectivity (FNC) characteristics in patients with DAI.
  • To explore the relationship between FNC alterations and cognitive function in DAI.
  • To elucidate the neural mechanisms of cognitive impairment following DAI.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 26 DAI patients and 27 healthy controls.
  • Independent component analysis (ICA) for resting-state network extraction.
  • Sliding time-window analysis and k-means clustering to identify dynamic FNC states.

Main Results:

  • DAI patients exhibited altered dynamic FNC, with a distinct dominant state (state 1) characterized by increased fractional time and mean dwell time, positively correlating with cognitive scores (MMSE).
  • Increased functional connectivity strength was observed in DAI patients across all dynamic states, particularly within the default mode and visual networks.
  • Static inter-network FNC remained largely stable, highlighting the importance of dynamic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic FNC and its temporal properties are significantly altered in DAI, offering complementary insights beyond static connectivity.
  • These dynamic alterations in functional brain networks are associated with cognitive impairment in DAI.
  • Findings provide novel perspectives on the neural pathophysiology of DAI and its cognitive consequences.