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Genomic diversity and transmission patterns of Yersinia pestis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Xiujuan Zuo1,2, Fang Liu3, Yanhong Hu3

  • 1School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.

Communications Biology
|November 9, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Plague (Yersinia pestis) is resurging, with Inner Mongolia a key hotspot. This study reveals genetic diversity and dual transmission patterns, aiding future plague control efforts in the region.

Area of Science:

  • * Epidemiology and Microbiology
  • * Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • * The World Health Organization (WHO) notes a resurgence of plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, since 2000.
  • * Inner Mongolia, China, is a significant plague focus, responsible for 80% of national cases in recent years.
  • * Genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of Y. pestis in Inner Mongolia are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the genetic diversity of Yersinia pestis strains in Inner Mongolia.
  • * To elucidate the transmission dynamics of Y. pestis within this region.
  • * To provide insights for enhanced plague surveillance and control.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of 585 Yersinia pestis strains collected from Inner Mongolia between 1948 and 2021.
  • * Phylogenetic analysis to identify lineages and sub-phylogroups.
  • * Mapping of strain distribution to understand transmission patterns.

Main Results:

  • * Identified three primary Y. pestis lineages, with 2.MED3 being predominant.
  • * Delineated seven sub-phylogroups within 2.MED3, with 2.MED3.1.2 and 2.MED3.1.4 showing recent dominance.
  • * Observed dual transmission patterns: localized short-distance spread and long-distance dispersal (>300 km).
  • * Highlighted Xilingol League as a key source and reservoir, with predominant spread from central-eastern to southwestern Inner Mongolia.

Conclusions:

  • * The study enhances understanding of Yersinia pestis genetic diversity and transmission in Inner Mongolia.
  • * Findings reveal complex spread patterns, including significant long-distance dispersal.
  • * Identified key reservoirs and transmission routes crucial for targeted surveillance and control strategies.

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