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Related Concept Videos

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Exploring heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment.

Zachary T Goodman1,2, Maria M Llabre2, Sonya Kaur1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|November 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is highly varied. This study identified six distinct profiles, including those with psychiatric symptoms and frailty, improving diagnostic accuracy for cognitive decline.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseasedementialatent profile analysismild cognitive impairmentphysical frailtypsychiatric symptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a complex diagnostic category with an unclear prognosis.
  • MCI is frequently associated with psychiatric symptoms and physical frailty.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand the heterogeneity within MCI to improve early detection of cognitive decline.
  • To develop more effective interventions for cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional multivariate latent mixture analyses of data from 538 older adults.
  • Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological, psychiatric, and frailty evaluations.
  • Data were collected between 2015 and 2019 from patients referred to a neurology department.

Main Results:

  • Latent profile analyses identified five cognitive impairment profiles: At-Risk, Pre-MCI, Amnestic MCI, Multiple Domain MCI, and Major Cognitive Impairment.
  • Two additional profiles were identified when including psychiatric symptoms and frailty: Psychiatric/Frail and Multiple Cognitive Domains/Psychiatric/Frail.
  • 55% of individuals classified as healthy based on cognitive data alone were reclassified into different profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Neurologic patients referred for evaluation exhibit significant heterogeneity, including physical and emotional symptoms that increase cognitive decline risk.
  • Findings suggest expanding the traditional paradigm of cognitive impairment for improved diagnostic accuracy.
  • Tailored, precision-driven interventions are needed for better patient outcomes.