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Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
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Transdiagnostic Anxiety-Related Increases in Information Sampling are Associated With Altered Valuation.

Amy M Rapp1,2,3, Brandon K Ashinoff1,2, Seth Baker1,2,4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, US.

Computational Psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.)
|November 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

High trait anxiety in adults increases information sampling due to a higher subjective cost of making incorrect guesses, not altered inference. This highlights valuation as a potential treatment target for anxiety disorders.

Keywords:
Information samplingbeads tasktheory-driven computational modelingtrait anxietytransdiagnosticvaluation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational psychiatry

Background:

  • Individuals with high trait anxiety often exhibit excessive information sampling, but findings regarding underlying inference and valuation processes are inconsistent.
  • Previous studies may be limited by methodological constraints, necessitating further investigation with refined experimental designs and computational modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between trait anxiety and information sampling in a transdiagnostic sample using computational models of inference and valuation.
  • To differentiate the roles of belief updating (inference) versus decision costs (valuation) in mediating the effects of trait anxiety on information sampling behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a beads task with enhanced controls and three majority-to-minority bead ratios (60:40, 75:25, 90:10) in adults with and without anxiety/compulsive disorders.
  • Utilized a Bayesian belief-updating model to assess information integration and a partially observable Markov decision process model to quantify decision costs, including a relative subjective cost parameter (C).

Main Results:

  • Higher trait anxiety correlated with increased draws-to-decision, particularly in the high evidence strength (90:10) condition.
  • This association was explained by the relative subjective cost of sampling decisions (lower C associated with higher anxiety and more draws), not by differences in inferential weighting of information.
  • In high evidence conditions, anxiety-related increases in sampling were linked to a cost-benefit analysis where the subjective cost of an incorrect guess was elevated.

Conclusions:

  • Transdiagnostic trait anxiety influences information sampling through valuation processes, specifically by increasing the perceived cost of incorrect decisions.
  • Findings suggest that alterations in cost-benefit analysis, rather than impaired inference, underlie excessive information seeking in high trait anxiety.
  • Valuation mechanisms represent a promising target for therapeutic interventions aimed at managing information sampling behaviors in anxiety and compulsive disorders.