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Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

What is a Species?

What is a Species?

Genetics of Speciation

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.

Pollination and Flower Structure

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.

Formation of Species

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.

Gene Flow

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: A High-Resolution, Single-Grain, In Vivo Pollen Hydration Bioassay for Arabidopsis thaliana

Author Spotlight: A High-Resolution, Single-Grain, In Vivo Pollen Hydration Bioassay for Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: June 30, 2023

Pollen Interference Between Rare and Common Species.

Eva M Malecore¹, Markus Fischer^1,2

¹Botanical Garden of the University of Bern Bern Switzerland.

Ecology and Evolution

|November 11, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Heterospecific pollen interference has minor effects on plant seed set and number, contrary to ecological expectations. This suggests it plays a limited role in shaping plant species distribution and abundance.

Keywords:

caucalidion common species phylogenetic distance pollen recipient self‐incompatible species

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Plant reproductive biology
Conservation biology

Background:

Plant species distribution and abundance are key ecological factors.
Heterospecific pollen interference is a potential, yet understudied, influence on these patterns.
Understanding this interference is crucial for rare species conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of heterospecific pollen interference on plant reproductive success.
To assess how species rarity, self-compatibility, and relatedness influence this interference.
To determine the role of heterospecific pollen interference in shaping plant species distribution and abundance.

Main Methods:

Conducted a multispecies hand-pollination experiment with eight co-occurring Swiss plant species.
Measured seed set and seed number as indicators of reproductive success.
Analyzed the effects of rarity status, self-compatibility, and recipient-donor relatedness.

Main Results:

Heterospecific pollen deposition did not significantly affect seed set or seed number.
Self-compatible species exhibited higher seed set, irrespective of rarity.
Heterospecific pollen interference appears to have minor direct impacts on seed production and recruitment.

Conclusions:

Heterospecific pollen interference plays a minor role in shaping plant species distribution and abundance in this study.
Further research on rare and related species, and conspecific pollen loss, is needed for conservation strategies.