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Markerless motion capture provides new baseball biomechanics data for collegiate pitchers. These findings establish crucial reference values for injury analysis and performance optimization in baseball.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Marker-based optical motion capture is the standard for baseball biomechanics.
  • Markerless motion capture offers improved accessibility for in-game data collection.
  • Distinct normative values are required for markerless systems due to potential data variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe common kinematic variables in baseball pitching.
  • To utilize an in-game markerless motion capture system for data collection.

Main Methods:

  • Collected kinematic data from 51 collegiate baseball pitchers across 5 teams using 8 synchronized 300-Hz cameras.
  • Analyzed triaxial trunk and pelvic rotation, shoulder rotation, shoulder horizontal abduction, shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, stride knee flexion, and hip-shoulder separation.
  • Focused on fastballs thrown in the first inning, averaging data from pitchers with over 3 outings.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 509 fastballs with a mean velocity of 40.98 m/s (91.5 mph).
  • Reported mean vertical break (42.0 ± 10.6 cm) and horizontal break (28.0 ± 11.1 cm).
  • Provided normative data for stride length, arm slot, upper arm slot, and time-series kinematic variables.

Conclusions:

  • Established separate norms for in-game, markerless motion capture biomechanics in collegiate baseball pitchers.
  • These reference values are essential for researchers, coaches, and clinicians.
  • Data aids in contextualizing injury mechanisms and informing return-to-play protocols.