Invasive fungal infection in patients with hematologic malignancies: epidemiology and prognostic factors

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are emerging opportunistic diseases that occur mainly in immunocompromised patients. Our study aimed to analyze the epidemiology of IFIs in patients with hematological malignancies, and the prognostic factors. Our retrospective study included patients hospitalized in the hematology department between January 1^st, 2010, and August 31^st, 2020, and in whom the diagnosis of IFI was made according to the EORTC criteria 2008. We found 29 IFIs among 6989 admissions (0.4%). IFIs were proven in 16 cases and probable in 13 cases. The median age was 35 years. The sex ratio was 0.9. The predominant IFI was invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (n=14) followed by fungemia (n=13). Candida albicans was the most isolated species in blood cultures (5/9). The mortality rate was 48%. In multivariate analysis, disease status, time to start antifungal treatment, and lactate levels are significant factors of excess mortality. IFIs are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. The challenge lies in the precocity of starting the treatment as well as the vigilance given to the factors of poor prognosis.