Surgical resection of a rare scalp arteriovenous malformation: a case report

Scalp arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are intricate vascular anomalies with abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the scalp, leading to serious complications and cosmetic concerns. Managing scalp AVMs is particularly complex in young female patients, where both functional and aesthetic outcomes are crucial. This case report highlights the successful treatment of a young woman with a scalp AVM, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach.

A 30-year-old female presented with a pulsatile scalp mass and significant cosmetic concerns. Diagnostic imaging, including ultrasonography, brain CT scan, MRI, and carotid CT angiogram, confirmed a scalp AVM. The patient underwent a comprehensive treatment plan beginning with endovascular embolization to reduce blood flow to the AVM, followed by surgical resection to remove the lesion. Postoperative follow-up showed a marked reduction in symptoms and lesion volume, with no complications observed.

Scalp AVMs, though rare, require prompt diagnosis due to the risk of severe complications such as hemorrhage and cosmetic impact. In this case, a combination of ultrasonography, CT, and MRI provided a detailed assessment of the AVM. A multidisciplinary approach, involving interventional radiology and surgical expertise, was crucial for success. Endovascular embolization minimized intraoperative bleeding and simplified surgical resection, leading to significant symptom and cosmetic improvements. Continuous monitoring is essential for long-term success and early detection of recurrences.

This case underscores the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach in managing scalp AVMs in young female patients. Early diagnosis through advanced imaging techniques enables timely and targeted intervention. The combined use of endovascular embolization and surgical resection led to significant symptom resolution and aesthetic enhancement. Collaboration among specialists is vital for optimizing outcomes, and ongoing research will further refine treatment strategies, improving the quality of life for patients with scalp AVMs.