Impact of Environmental Noise and Sleep Health on Pediatric Hypertension Incidence: ABCD Study
Augusto César F De Moraes1, Martin Y Ma1, Marcus V Nascimento-Ferreira2,3
1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health Austin Campus, Department of Epidemiology, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Texas Physical Activity Research Collaborative Austin TX USA.
Insights
Adequate sleep is crucial for adolescent health, significantly lowering hypertension risk. Promoting good sleep hygiene in youth is vital for preventing high blood pressure, regardless of environmental noise.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Health
- Cardiovascular Health
- Sleep Science
Background:
- Pediatric hypertension is a growing concern, potentially influenced by environmental factors.
- Neighborhood noise can disrupt sleep, a critical component of adolescent health.
- The interplay between noise, sleep, and hypertension in youth requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between sleep health, neighborhood noise, and the development of hypertension in adolescents.
- To determine if environmental noise modifies the impact of sleep on adolescent hypertension risk.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 3320 adolescents in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (2018-2022).
- Utilized Fitbit-tracked sleep data, blood pressure measurements, and zip code-level noise exposure.
- Hypertension defined as average blood pressure ≥95th percentile; sleep categorized by duration.
Main Results:
- Hypertension incidence increased from 1.7% to 2.9% between study periods.
- Adolescents with healthier sleep duration showed a significantly lower risk of developing hypertension (RR 0.63).
- No significant association was found between neighborhood noise alone or in conjunction with sleep health and hypertension risk.
Conclusions:
- Sufficient sleep duration is a key protective factor against hypertension in adolescents.
- Sleep health independently reduces hypertension risk, irrespective of environmental noise exposure.
- Public health initiatives should prioritize promoting healthy sleep habits among adolescents to prevent hypertension.
Background:
Pediatric hypertension is linked to environmental factors like neighborhood noise disrupting sleep, which is crucial for health. The specific interaction between noise and sleep health in causing hypertension still needs to be explored.
Methods And Results:
We analyzed data from 3320 participants of the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) study, recruited across 21 US cities and monitored from 2018 to 2020 through 2020 to 2022. Participants with complete data on Fitbit-tracked sleep, blood pressure, height, neighborhood noise, and covariates (biological sex, race and ethnicity, pubertal stage, waist circumference) were included. Hypertension was defined as average blood pressure ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height. Sleep health was categorized on the basis of daily duration: healthy (9-12 hours), moderately healthy (±1 hour from optimal), and low (≥1 hour deviation). Noise exposure was measured as median nighttime anthropogenic noise levels by zip code. The incidence of hypertension increased from 1.7% (95% CI, 1.4-2.1) in 2018 to 2020 to 2.9% (95% CI, 2.4-3.6) in 2020 to 2022. Adolescents with healthier sleep had a lower risk of developing hypertension (relative risk, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.25-0.82]), while no significant effects were found for neighborhood noise alone or in combination with sleep health.
Conclusions:
Adequate sleep significantly reduces the risk of hypertension in adolescents, independent of environmental noise exposure. These findings underscore the importance of promoting good sleep hygiene among youth to mitigate hypertension risk.
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