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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
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Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Survivin Promotes Stem Cell Competence for Skin Cancer Initiation.

Sara Canato1, Rahul Sarate2, Sofia Carvalho-Marques1

  • 1Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.

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|November 11, 2024
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This summary is machine-generated.

Survivin protein is crucial for skin cancer initiation by stem cells (SCs). It enables SC survival and self-renewal, preventing differentiation and apoptosis, unlike progenitor cells (Ps).

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Skin cancer arises from the dysregulation of normal cellular processes.
  • Stem cells (SCs) and progenitor cells (Ps) have distinct roles in tissue homeostasis and disease.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving skin cancer initiation is critical for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key regulators differentiating the cancer-initiating potential of skin stem cells (SCs) versus progenitor cells (Ps).
  • To elucidate the role of Survivin in the survival, self-renewal, and differentiation of oncogene-targeted SCs.
  • To determine why SCs, but not Ps, can initiate skin cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Survivin expression in skin stem cells (SCs) and progenitor cells (Ps).
  • Investigating the effects of Survivin modulation on SC survival, self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis.
  • Utilizing models of oncogene-induced skin cancer to assess the role of Survivin in tumor initiation.

Main Results:

  • Survivin was identified as a critical regulator in skin cancer initiation.
  • Survivin expression in oncogene-targeted SCs is essential for their survival and self-renewal.
  • Survivin prevents differentiation and apoptosis in SCs, enabling them to initiate skin cancer, a function not observed in Ps.

Conclusions:

  • Survivin plays a pivotal role in conferring the cancer-initiating capacity to skin stem cells (SCs).
  • Targeting Survivin may offer a strategy to inhibit skin cancer initiation by preventing SC survival and promoting their differentiation or apoptosis.
  • The differential expression and function of Survivin in SCs versus Ps explain their distinct roles in skin tumorigenesis.