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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

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Microbiome-producing SCFAs are associated with preterm birth via trophoblast function modulation.

Lulu Meng1,2, Meng Meng3, Ruonan Zhang2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Mbio
|November 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Preterm birth (PTB) risk is linked to an imbalanced cervicovaginal microbiome and increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study identifies microbial and metabolite markers for accurate PTB prediction and diagnosis.

Keywords:
16S rRNASCFAscervicovaginal microbiotapregnancypreterm birth

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Preterm birth (PTB) is a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity, with complex and incompletely understood etiology.
  • The cervicovaginal microbiome and its metabolites, like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are implicated in PTB risk.
  • Understanding these microbial-placental interactions is crucial for developing predictive and preventive strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cervicovaginal microbiota composition, SCFA levels, and PTB.
  • To explore the functional role of SCFAs in placental trophoblast cells.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of PTB.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics on cervicovaginal swabs from pregnant women.
  • In vitro functional assays using placental trophoblast cells (HTR8/SVneo).
  • Integrated analysis of microbial and metabolic data, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Significant cervicovaginal dysbiosis (reduced lactobacilli, increased anaerobes) was associated with PTB (P=0.036).
  • Higher acetic acid levels were found in the preterm group (P=0.047), positively correlated with Gardnerella vaginalis.
  • A diagnostic marker set (pregnancy type, acetic acid, community state type) accurately predicted PTB.
  • Acetate promoted IL-8, IL-6, and trophoblast cell migration/invasion via ERK1/2 signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Cervicovaginal microbiota dysbiosis is a significant etiological factor in PTB.
  • Cervicovaginal microbiota and SCFAs can be used for PTB prediction and diagnosis.
  • Findings support the microbiota-placenta axis theory and suggest potential for microecological interventions.