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Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
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Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays
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Maturation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures.

Daniel H Shu1,2,3, Dimitrios N Sidiropoulos4,5

  • 1Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. daniel.shu@umm.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized immune cell collections in inflamed tissues. This review explores TLS maturation, signaling, and their role in anti-tumor immunity in solid tumors.

Keywords:
CCL19CCL21CXCL13Follicular dendritic cellHigh endothelial venuleLymphoid aggregateLymphotoxinTertiary lymphoid organTertiary lymphoid structure

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are dynamic immune cell aggregates forming in non-lymphoid tissues during chronic inflammation.
  • TLS mimic lymph node germinal centers, potentially enabling local adaptive immune responses.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding TLS development, lifecycle, and regulatory signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) maturation.
  • To elucidate the signals and cell types involved in TLS development.
  • To highlight the role of TLS in anti-tumor immunity within solid tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on TLS.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways and cellular interactions in TLS formation.
  • Examination of TLS presence and function in cancer models.

Main Results:

  • TLS maturation involves distinct stages governed by specific molecular signals.
  • Various immune and stromal cells orchestrate TLS initiation, growth, and resolution.
  • Evidence suggests TLS promote anti-tumor immune responses in solid tumors, impacting prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into TLS biology is crucial for understanding inflammatory diseases and cancer.
  • Targeting TLS may offer novel therapeutic strategies for enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
  • TLS represent a key interface between inflammation and adaptive immunity in peripheral tissues.