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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Calorie restriction induces mandible bone loss by regulating mitochondrial function.

Linyi Liu1, Phuong T Le1, Victoria E DeMambro1

  • 1MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.

Bone
|November 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caloric restriction (CR) causes mandibular bone loss in female mice by decreasing bone formation and increasing fat. This is linked to reduced cellular energy (ATP) and increased oxidative stress (ROS).

Keywords:
Alveolar bone lossBone-fat balanceCalorie restrictionEnergy metabolismMesenchymal cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Bone Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Caloric restriction (CR) impacts bone mass, but its effects on alveolar bone and mechanisms are unclear.
  • Understanding CR's influence on orofacial bone is crucial for oral health and systemic metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of CR on mandibular bone micro-architecture and cellular differentiation.
  • To elucidate the underlying bioenergetic and oxidative stress mechanisms in CR-induced bone changes.

Main Methods:

  • 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice underwent 30% CR for 8 weeks.
  • Analysis included bone micro-architecture, histology, osteoblast/adipocyte differentiation, metabolic cages, and in vitro bioenergetics.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells from orofacial bones (OMSCs) were used to study differentiation pathways.

Main Results:

  • CR induced significant trabecular and cortical bone loss in female mouse mandibles.
  • CR decreased bone formation and resorption but increased mandibular adiposity.
  • CR suppressed mitochondrial ATP production and heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in female OMSCs.

Conclusions:

  • CR leads to mandibular bone loss in female mice, associated with altered cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress.
  • Reduced ATP supply and unregulated ROS generation are likely key mechanisms driving CR-induced alveolar bone loss.