Knowledge and perception of older adults toward end of life and advanced directive in Nigeria

Older adults often have a heightened awareness of death due to personal losses. In many low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, conversation about end-of-life issues and advanced care planning (ACP) among older adults is gradually emerging. Our study explored older adults' knowledge and perceptions towards advanced directives and end-of-life issues in a geriatric care setting in Nigeria.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults (aged ≥60 years) in a geriatric outpatient clinic. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire, tested at a significance level set at alpha 0.05.

The study included 204 participants with a mean age of 71.3 ± 7.2 years, predominantly female (67.2%). Few of the participants have heard about end of life (20.1%), living will (19.1%), power of attorney (19.6%), and ACP (25.9%). About 29.9% of the respondents considered having a living will, of which about 34.4% have written one. Only 23 (11.3%) would consider discussing ACP in the future, 32 (15.7%) would discuss place of care, and 30 (14.7%) place of death. Preparedness for end of life and knowledge of ACP was higher among males, those with formal education, and those with good self-rated health (p < 0.05).

The study highlighted gap in awareness and engagement in ACP among older adults in a country like Nigeria. This lack of knowledge can lead to inadequate end-of-life care and unpreparedness for critical health decisions for older adults in Africa. Thus, improving awareness and understanding of ACP can empower older adults, ensuring their end-of-life preferences are respected, enhancing the quality of care, and reducing the emotional and financial burden on families.