Single-dose human papillomavirus vaccination: an update.

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Vaccinology
• Public Health

Background:

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been available for two decades, with high uptake in wealthy nations.
• Cervical cancer burden is highest in low-resource settings, where HPV vaccine access remains insufficient.
• Single-dose HPV vaccination strategies show promise for improving global equity and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To update the scientific understanding of single-dose HPV vaccination efficacy and durability.
• To address knowledge gaps concerning single-dose HPV vaccine effectiveness in diverse settings.
• To inform strategies for accelerating cervical cancer control through vaccination and screening.

Main Methods:

• Review of primary data on single-dose HPV vaccine protection.
• Analysis of modeling studies evaluating vaccine effectiveness and durability.
• Examination of implementation strategies for single-dose vaccination schedules.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests single-dose HPV vaccination can confer adequate and durable protection.
• Modeling indicates high cost-effectiveness and value for money, particularly in low-resource settings.
• The World Health Organization now recommends a 1- or 2-dose schedule, facilitating wider adoption.

Conclusions:

• Single-dose HPV vaccination is a viable strategy to increase global vaccine access and reduce cervical cancer incidence.
• Integrating single-dose vaccination with a one-time cervical cancer screening can accelerate disease control efforts.
• Further research and implementation are vital for maximizing the impact of HPV vaccination worldwide.