Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

25
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
25
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

284
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
284
Arteries of the Lower Limbs01:24

Arteries of the Lower Limbs

178
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
178
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

253
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
253
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

104
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
104
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

334
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
334

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Socioeconomic status and epilepsy surgery in the United States: Timing and outcomes.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Moving artificial intelligence from research to real-world clinical use in neurology.

Nature reviews. Neurology·2026
Same author

Fully automated three-dimensional deep learning-based magnetic resonance imaging segmentation of brain cavities in epilepsy surgery.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Building systems-based epilepsy surgery in sub-Saharan Africa - Authors' reply.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same author

IFCN position statement: use of artificial intelligence in clinical neurophysiology.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Performance evaluation of quantum support vector machine for COVID-19 biomarker analysis.

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

9.0K

Advances in Therapy for Refractory Epilepsy.

Lara Jehi1

  • 1Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA;

Annual Review of Medicine
|November 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) impacts many patients despite available treatments. Advanced therapies like surgery, neuromodulation, and genetic treatments offer hope for seizure control when medications fail.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects one-third of epilepsy patients, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Current antiseizure medications (ASMs) offer better tolerability but not necessarily superior efficacy compared to older drugs.
  • Established treatments for DRE include resective brain surgery and laser ablation, with varying effectiveness and invasiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging treatment strategies for drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • To compare the effectiveness, risks, and costs of various DRE interventions.
  • To highlight the potential of precision medicine approaches in epilepsy management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on DRE treatments.
Keywords:
drug resistanceepilepsy surgerygene therapyketogenic dietneuromodulation

More Related Videos

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

17.1K
Author Spotlight: Unraveling Neural Communication and Circuit Interactions in Health and Disease
06:55

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Neural Communication and Circuit Interactions in Health and Disease

Published on: November 21, 2024

677

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

9.0K
Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

17.1K
Author Spotlight: Unraveling Neural Communication and Circuit Interactions in Health and Disease
06:55

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Neural Communication and Circuit Interactions in Health and Disease

Published on: November 21, 2024

677
  • Analysis of comparative effectiveness of surgical, neuromodulatory, and dietary therapies.
  • Exploration of emerging genetic and precision medicine strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Resective surgery is the gold standard for seizure freedom in DRE.
    • Neuromodulation devices offer comparable effectiveness in reducing seizure burden, with variable outcomes in real-world data.
    • Dietary therapies are beneficial, especially for pediatric genetic epilepsies.

    Conclusions:

    • A multimodal approach is essential for managing DRE, considering patient-specific factors.
    • Neuromodulation and dietary therapies provide valuable alternatives for non-surgical candidates.
    • Genetic therapies represent a promising frontier for personalized epilepsy treatment.