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Measuring Indigenous homelessness: Findings from Our Health Counts Toronto.

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PubMed
Summary

Indigenous homelessness in Toronto affects 27.3% of First Nations, Inuit, and Metis (FNIM) adults. Physically homeless FNIM adults disproportionately experience multiple dimensions of homelessness, highlighting a need for better measurement tools.

Keywords:
Community-based participatory researchHousingHousing instabilityIndigenous peoplesNorth AmericanPopulation health

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Area of Science:

  • Urban health research
  • Indigenous studies
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Indigenous homelessness is a critical issue in urban centers like Toronto.
  • Existing data often fails to capture the multifaceted nature of Indigenous homelessness.
  • The Our Health Counts (OHC) Toronto database provides a unique resource for examining this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure Thistle's (2017) 12 dimensions of Indigenous homelessness among First Nations, Inuit, and Metis (FNIM) adults in Toronto.
  • To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of FNIM adults experiencing homelessness.
  • To compare dimensions of homelessness between physically homeless and non-homeless FNIM adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the OHC Toronto database, employing Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS)-II proportions.
  • Analyzed sociodemographic characteristics and estimated the prevalence of 7 measurable dimensions of homelessness.
  • Compared experiences of homelessness dimensions between physically homeless and non-homeless FNIM adults.

Main Results:

  • 27.3% of FNIM adults in Toronto were physically homeless, with higher rates among males, 26-54 year olds, and unemployed individuals.
  • 7 of 12 homelessness dimensions were measurable; nearly all FNIM adults experienced at least one.
  • Common dimensions included cultural disintegration, mental disruption, geographic separation, and relocation, all more prevalent in physically homeless individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Physically homeless FNIM adults in Toronto are more likely to experience other dimensions of homelessness.
  • Current data collection methods are insufficient, with 5 of 12 dimensions unmeasurable.
  • Development of new survey tools is crucial to fully understand the complex factors contributing to Indigenous homelessness.