Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 7, 2025
15:25
Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters
Published on: February 4, 2018
6.1K
A versatile conformal circularly polarized quad-element antenna for X-band applications
P Sundaravadivel1, D Rajesh Kumar2, Yuvaraj Padmanaban1
1Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, India.
Scientific Reports
|November 12, 2024
Summary
This study introduces a flexible four-element antenna for X-band applications, offering circular polarization and high gain. The antenna is validated for conformal use in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems.
Area of Science:
- Electrical Engineering
- Electromagnetics
- Antenna Theory
Background:
- X-band applications require antennas with specific performance characteristics.
- Flexible antennas are crucial for conformal and wearable electronic systems.
- Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology enhances wireless communication reliability and data rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design and validate a flexible four-element antenna array for X-band applications.
- To achieve circular polarization with a wide bandwidth and high gain.
- To evaluate the antenna's suitability for conformal MIMO systems.
Main Methods:
- A modified E-shaped radiating patch antenna element was designed.
- A unique feeding structure utilizing a 50-Ω strip and rectangular stubs was implemented.
- The antenna array was fabricated on a flexible felt substrate.
- Simulated and measured results were compared, and MIMO parameters were analyzed.
- Conformal analysis was performed to assess performance under bending conditions.
Main Results:
- The antenna operates from 10.6 to 11.9 GHz, covering a significant portion of the X-band.
- Circular polarization was achieved with an axial ratio bandwidth of 1.2 GHz.
- A maximum gain of 8 dBi was obtained.
- Simulated and measured results showed good agreement.
- The antenna demonstrated robust performance under various bending scenarios.
Conclusions:
- The proposed flexible antenna is suitable for X-band applications requiring circular polarization and high gain.
- The antenna's performance in MIMO configurations is validated through calculated parameters.
- The antenna's flexibility and conformal capabilities make it ideal for advanced X-band MIMO systems.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor
5.5K
A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii R1 (inner shell) and R2 (outer shell). The shells have equal and opposite charges of +Q and −Q, respectively. For an isolated conducting spherical capacitor, the radius of the outer shell can be considered to be infinite.
Conventionally, considering the symmetry, the electric field between the concentric shells of a spherical capacitor is directed radially outward. The magnitude of the field,...
Conventionally, considering the symmetry, the electric field between the concentric shells of a spherical capacitor is directed radially outward. The magnitude of the field,...
5.5K
01:24Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor
209
To calculate the inductance of a solid cylindrical conductor, consider a 1-meter section of a non-magnetic, current-carrying conductor with radius r. Disregarding end effects and assuming uniform current density, Ampere's law helps determine the magnetic field inside the conductor. This law states that the magnetic field intensity H is concentric and constant within the conductor.
Given the uniform current distribution, the magnetic field Hx and flux density Bx inside the conductor are...
Given the uniform current distribution, the magnetic field Hx and flux density Bx inside the conductor are...
209
01:31Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor
4.6K
The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
4.6K
01:03Centroid of a Body: Problem Solving
1.1K
The centroid of a body is a crucial concept in engineering and physics. Finding the centroid of a body can help determine its stability, its balance point, and even its design. In this context, consider a thin wire bent in the form of a quarter circular arc. Polar coordinates are used to calculate the centroid. The wire is first divided into small differential elements of a length equal to the radius multiplied by the differential angle.
The x-coordinates and y-coordinates of each element's...
The x-coordinates and y-coordinates of each element's...
1.1K
01:15Standing Electromagnetic Waves
1.5K
Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
1.5K
01:30Plane Electromagnetic Waves I
3.6K
The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed...
The EM field is assumed...
3.6K