Optogenetic activation of serotonergic neurons changes masticatory movement in freely moving mice

The serotonergic system modulates the neural circuits involved in jaw movement; however, the role of serotonin (5-HT) neurons in masticatory movement remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of selective activation of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), or the raphe obscurus nucleus (ROb), on voluntary masticatory movement using transgenic mice expressing the channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) mutant (C128S) in central 5-HT neurons. During voluntary mastication, DRN blue light illumination increased masticatory frequency and decreased the root mean square peak amplitude of electromyography (EMG) in the masseter muscles. DRN blue light illumination also decreased EMG burst duration in the masseter and digastric muscles. These changes were blocked by a 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist. Conversely, ROb blue light illumination during voluntary mastication did not affect masticatory frequency and EMG bursts in the masseter and digastric muscles. DRN or ROb blue light illumination during the resting state did not induce rhythmic jaw movement such as mastication but induced an increase in EMG activity in masseter and digastric muscles. These results suggest that both DRN and ROb 5-HT neurons may facilitate jaw movement. Furthermore, DRN 5-HT neuron may contribute to changes in masticatory patterns during the masticatory sequence.