Allergic Rhinitis in Israel: A Multicenter Study of Allergic Rhinitis Across Three Climate Zones

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Environmental Health
• Clinical Medicine

Background:

• Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects a significant portion of the global population, with prevalence rates varying widely.
• Despite its clinical impact in Israel, comprehensive data on AR sensitization profiles and key aeroallergens are limited.
• Understanding regional aeroallergen prevalence is crucial for effective AR management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify the most prevalent aeroallergens causing positive skin prick tests (SPT) in allergic rhinitis patients across Israel's diverse climate zones.
• To provide data that can inform diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AR in the Israeli population.

Main Methods:

• A skin prick test (SPT) evaluation was conducted on 1308 patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (AR).
• Data were collected from three distinct topographical and climatic regions within Israel, considering factors like humidity, temperature, and urbanization.
• Sensitization profiles to various aeroallergens were analyzed.

Main Results:

• A high overall prevalence of positive SPT (86%) was observed among AR patients.
• Indoor aeroallergen sensitization was reported in 76% of patients, with 20% monosensitization and 65% polysensitization.
• The most frequent sensitizing aeroallergens identified were mites, olive tree pollen, grass pollen, and cat dander, with regional variations noted.

Conclusions:

• Mites, olive tree pollen, grass pollen, and cat dander are the primary aeroallergens triggering allergic rhinitis in Israel.
• Identifying these key aeroallergens allows for the customization of SPT panels and the selection of specific allergens for immunotherapy.
• This study provides valuable insights for tailoring AR management strategies in Israel based on prevalent local aeroallergens.