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Lower Limbs Arterial Discrepancy in Poliomyelitis Patients.

Sagi Levental1, Isabella Schwartz2, Jonathan Lorber1

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Poliomyelitis patients with unilateral leg paralysis show different lower limb artery sizes, favoring the stronger leg. This study did not find peripheral artery aneurysms in these patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Peripheral artery aneurysms are rare (<2% prevalence).
  • Case reports suggest a link between poliomyelitis, unilateral leg paralysis, and contralateral peripheral aneurysms.
  • The etiology of these aneurysms in polio survivors remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare lower limb arterial diameters in poliomyelitis patients.
  • To screen poliomyelitis patients for peripheral aneurysms.
  • Investigate potential vascular adaptations in polio survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective ultrasound duplex screening of 77 participants (aged >55) with a history of poliomyelitis.
  • Comparison between patients with unilateral leg paralysis, bilateral/no paralysis, and healthy controls.
  • Measurement of nine lower limb arteries: aorta, iliac, femoral, and popliteal arteries.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in averaged lower limb arterial diameters were observed in poliomyelitis patients, with larger diameters in the stronger leg.
  • No peripheral arterial aneurysms were detected in any of the study participants.
  • Arterial diameter differences were noted between the affected and unaffected limbs.

Conclusions:

  • Poliomyelitis patients with unilateral leg paralysis exhibit asymmetric lower limb arterial diameters, favoring the stronger limb.
  • The study did not identify an increased risk of peripheral aneurysms in this cohort.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term vascular implications in polio survivors.