Primary Liposarcoma of the Spleen: Case Report With Review of the Literature

We present a 55-year-old woman with a palpable mass in the right upper abdomen. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a highly vascularized and primary resectable tumor of the spleen. We performed an open splenectomy with locoregional lymphadenectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation did not reveal classic markers of angiosarcoma, littoral cell angioma, or follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, but showed MDM2-amplification by FISH in all tumor cells as a marker for liposarcoma. The tumor showed growth limited to the spleen tissue. No MDM2-amplification was detectable in the perisplenic adipose tissue, so that infiltration of the spleen by retroperitoneal liposarcoma could be excluded. In summary, well-differentiated liposarcoma confined to the spleen was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a primary liposarcoma of the spleen reported in the literature. Due to the local recurrence risk of liposarcomas, even after R0 resection, we recommended long-term periodic follow-up.