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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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The First Step in Triadic Decision-Making Involving People with Dementia: Determining Who Talks When.

I L Windeatt-Harrison1, T Walker1, S M Bell2,3

  • 1Division of Human Communication Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Research on Language and Social Interaction
|November 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with dementia need opportunities to join health decisions. Using "you" pronouns helps them respond, while "she/he" can exclude them, impacting communication during medical visits.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Gerontology
  • Healthcare Communication

Background:

  • Inclusive healthcare decision-making is crucial for individuals with dementia.
  • Medical appointments often involve three parties: the patient with dementia, a companion, and a healthcare provider.
  • Effective communication is essential for enabling patient participation in care decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how pronoun use in triadic conversations affects the participation of people with dementia in healthcare decisions.
  • To identify communication strategies that promote or hinder inclusion for individuals with dementia during medical consultations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of naturally occurring conversations during medical appointments involving people with dementia and their companions.
  • Focus on turn-taking, pronoun usage (second person "you", third person "she/he"), and embodied cues (gesture, gaze).
  • Examination of mid-utterance pronoun switching and its impact on interactional inclusion.

Main Results:

  • Second-person pronouns ("you") facilitate responses from people with dementia.
  • Third-person pronouns ("she/he") can lead to exclusion, though context (placement, gesture, gaze) can mitigate this.
  • Mid-utterance pronoun shifts often result in tokenistic inclusion, influenced by sequential organization and embodied interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Pronoun choice significantly impacts the inclusion of people with dementia in healthcare decision-making conversations.
  • Healthcare providers and companions should be mindful of pronoun usage to foster genuine participation.
  • Embodied interaction and conversational context play a vital role in overcoming communication barriers for individuals with dementia.