Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

2.1K
Cholinergic antagonists bind to cholinergic receptors and limit the effects of acetylcholine and other cholinergic agonists. Based on the specific cholinergic receptor affinity, these antagonists are classified as muscarinic or nicotinic. Anticholinergics interrupt parasympathetic innervations while sympathetic innervations remain uninterrupted. Muscarinic antagonists are also called 'muscarinic antagonists', 'antimuscarinics', or 'parasympatholytics'. Nicotinic...
2.1K
Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:16

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

2.6K
Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of...
2.6K
Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

597
Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence...
597
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:22

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

872
Cholinergic agonists or cholinomimetics mimic the action of acetylcholine to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. They are categorized into direct-acting and indirect-acting agents. The direct-acting cholinergic drugs induce the parasympathetic response by directly binding to the muscarinic or nicotine receptors. In comparison, the indirect-acting cholinergic drugs prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis, indirectly contributing to the extended parasympathetic response.
The direct-acting...
872
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

538
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
538
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

4.9K
Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The cardioprotective mechanism of total saponins from mountain cultivated ginseng against doxorubicin-induced heart failure: Insights from gut-heart axis modulation based on gut microbiota and fecal metabolomics.

Journal of ginseng research·2026
Same author

β-Hydroxybutyrate prevents bone loss partially via the histone β-hydroxybutyrylation pathway.

Cellular signalling·2026
Same author

Characterization and encapsulation properties of pectic polysaccharides derived from Choerospondias axillaris fruit.

Carbohydrate polymers·2026
Same author

cfGWAS reveal genetic basis of cell-free DNA end motifs.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Whole-genome profiling of age- and sex-associated DNA methylation signatures in human plasma cell-free DNA.

Communications medicine·2025
Same author

Tracing the tissue origin of cell-free DNA through open chromatin footprint.

Communications biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

9.7K

Pimarane diterpenoids: sources, structures and biological activities.

Haiqiang Zhang1,2, Meng Li3, Ayi Lvha4

  • 1Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Under Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhang, P.R. China.

Natural Product Research
|November 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pimarane diterpenoids, natural compounds from plants, exhibit diverse structures and valuable pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory effects. This review details their structural variety and biological functions from 2000-2023.

Keywords:
Diterpenoidsbiological activitiespimarane diterpenoidsstructures

More Related Videos

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
11:04

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

Published on: June 13, 2022

2.9K
Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth
09:10

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

Published on: January 7, 2022

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2025

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

9.7K
Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
11:04

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

Published on: June 13, 2022

2.9K
Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth
09:10

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

Published on: January 7, 2022

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Phytochemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Pimarane diterpenoids are secondary metabolites found across numerous plant families and other organisms.
  • These compounds are classified into four main types based on chiral centers: pimarane, isopimarane, ent-pimarane, and ent-isopimarane.
  • Pimarane diterpenoids possess significant pharmacological properties, including cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of pimarane diterpenoids.
  • To document the structural diversity and biological activities of these compounds.
  • To cover literature published between 2000 and 2023.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search and review.
  • Structural elucidation and classification of pimarane diterpenoids.
  • Compilation of reported biological activities.

Main Results:

  • A total of 368 pimarane diterpenoid structures were identified and reviewed.
  • The review covers 117 references, highlighting extensive research in the field.
  • Key pharmacological activities such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects were documented.

Conclusions:

  • Pimarane diterpenoids represent a structurally diverse and biologically active class of natural products.
  • Their varied pharmacological profiles continue to attract significant scientific interest.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers in natural product chemistry and drug discovery.