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Predation affects the evolution of sex-specific longevity
Tanya M Pennell1, Masako Katsuki2, C Ruth Archer3
1Centre for Ecology & Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy (ESE), University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK.
Biology Letters
|November 13, 2024
Summary
Predators often target weak individuals, but can also prey on high-quality males. This study shows male-limited predation in flour beetles evolved reduced male longevity and increased female longevity.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary biology
- Behavioral ecology
- Animal behavior
Background:
- Predation is a key driver of natural selection.
- Traditionally, predation is believed to target weaker individuals.
- However, predators can also target high-quality individuals with condition-dependent sexual traits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the evolutionary effects of sex-specific predation on longevity.
- To determine how predation on males versus females influences trait evolution.
- To examine the role of condition-dependent sexual traits in predation targets.
Main Methods:
- Used replicate populations of the broad-horned flour beetle (Gnatocerus cornutus).
- Implemented male-limited and female-limited predation treatments.
- Measured evolutionary changes in male and female longevity.
Main Results:
- Male-limited predation led to decreased male longevity and increased female longevity.
- Female-limited predation did not significantly affect the longevity of either sex.
- Documented costs of reproduction in relation to predation.
Conclusions:
- Predation can impact high-quality males, influencing trait evolution.
- Negative intersexual genetic correlations mediate the effects of male predation on female longevity.
- Sex-specific predation dynamics play a crucial role in shaping longevity evolution.
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