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A Diathesis-Stress Approach to Understanding Partner Maltreatment Perpetration: A Longitudinal Study.

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Partner maltreatment fluctuates over time. High attachment avoidance and stress predict an initial decline, then a sharp rise in abusive behaviors within romantic relationships.

Keywords:
attachment orientationsdiathesis‐stresslongitudinalnonlinear trajectorypartner maltreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Relationship Science
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Partner maltreatment encompasses diverse negative behaviors in romantic relationships.
  • Longitudinal patterns of partner maltreatment are not well understood.
  • Attachment theory and stress models offer potential explanations for maltreatment dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the average trajectory of partner maltreatment over five months.
  • To examine an attachment-informed diathesis-stress framework predicting maltreatment fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • 208 individuals completed monthly assessments of partner maltreatment for five months.
  • Baseline assessments included adult attachment and perceived stress.
  • A quadratic function modeled the longitudinal trajectory of maltreatment.

Main Results:

  • A nonlinear (quadratic) trajectory best fit partner maltreatment perpetration over time.
  • Attachment avoidance and perceived stress interacted to predict maltreatment trajectory.
  • High attachment avoidance and stress predicted an initial decline followed by a steep increase in maltreatment.

Conclusions:

  • Partner maltreatment perpetration is dynamic and fluctuates over time.
  • An attachment-informed diathesis-stress model effectively explains fluctuations in partner maltreatment.
  • Attachment avoidance and perceived stress are key factors in understanding escalation and de-escalation of maltreatment.