Defect-insensitive cylindrical surface lattice resonance array and its batch replication for enhanced immunoassay

Surface lattice resonances (SLR) have been demonstrated to enhance the sensitivity and reduce the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the plasmonic resonances. However, their widespread application in immunoassays has been hindered by limitations of high structural defect sensitivity and fabrication costs. Here, we design a novel three-layer cylindrical SLR array that exhibits high tolerance against structural defects, which would facilitate straightforward fabrication. By integrating metal evaporation and nanoimprint lithography, we demonstrate the replication of the SLR array with exceptional quality. Theoretical simulations indicate that the resonance dips of these arrays exhibit are not sensitive to various structural defects. The experimental results reveal that the FWHM of these arrays can be as low as 5.1 nm while maintaining robust resonance characteristics. Furthermore, we demonstrated the high spectral sensitivity of the SLR array, which enabled the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) at concentrations as low as 609 pg/mL. These findings emphasize the potential of the defect-insensitive SLR array as a highly scalable immunoassay platform with exceptional performance.