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Ventricular function and morphology in chick embryo from stages 18 to 29.

E B Clark, N Hu, J L Dummett

The American Journal of Physiology

|March 1, 1986

Summary

Chick embryo heart development shows increasing ventricular pressure and velocity, with changing ventricle-to-embryo weight ratio and myocyte composition during embryonic growth.

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Physiology
Developmental Biology
Embryology

Background:

The developing chick embryo provides a valuable model for studying cardiac development and function.
Understanding the normal physiological and morphological changes in the embryonic heart is crucial for identifying developmental abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the developmental trajectory of ventricular function and morphology in the chick embryo.
To correlate hemodynamic parameters with changes in myocardial myocyte organelle composition during development.

Main Methods:

Measurements included wet/dry ventricular and embryo weights, ventricular pressure (phasic, dP/dt), and dorsal aortic velocity (phasic, mean, dV/dt) using servo null and pulsed-Doppler systems.
Myocardial myocyte organelle composition (myofibrils, mitochondria) was analyzed using volumetric analysis.

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Data were collected across various developmental stages (e.g., stage 18 to 29) in chick embryos.

Main Results:

Ventricular and embryo weights increased geometrically, but the ventricle-to-embryo weight ratio decreased significantly during development.
Ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures, as well as dP/dt, showed marked increases from stage 18 to 29.
Dorsal aortic velocity (dV/dt) also increased, while myocyte myofibril volume percentage peaked at stage 27 and declined by stage 29; mitochondrial volume remained constant.

Conclusions:

These findings establish normative data for chick embryo ventricular function and morphology.
The study highlights dynamic changes in cardiac hemodynamics and myocyte composition during embryonic development.
This provides a baseline for future research into cardiac development and disease models.