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Three-dimensional reconstruction method for layered structures based on a frequency modulated continuous wave

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    This study assesses continuous-wave terahertz detection for non-destructive testing of multi-layered structures. A new method enhances defect discrimination and enables high-precision 3D reconstruction for advanced inspection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science and Engineering
    • Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
    • Electromagnetics and Optics

    Background:

    • Multi-layered bonding structures are critical in aerospace and other industries, requiring robust inspection methods.
    • Traditional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods face challenges in inspecting complex layered materials.
    • Terahertz (THz) frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar offers potential for transparent inspection but struggles with depth resolution in layered structures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the feasibility of continuous-wave terahertz detection for non-contact, non-destructive testing of multi-layered bonding structures.
    • To introduce and validate a novel signal processing method, local adaptive empirical wavelet coefficient modal decomposition (LAEWCMD), to improve depth discrimination.
    • To demonstrate high-precision three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction for defect characterization in challenging materials.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a 2D scanning platform integrating terahertz FMCW radar, optical components, and precise actuators.
    • Application of a novel LAEWCMD method involving image segmentation, continuous wavelet transforms (CWT), and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for signal analysis.
    • Validation using experimental data from insulated structures with defects and aircraft thermal protection structures (TPS).

    Main Results:

    • Terahertz FMCW radar successfully demonstrated transparent inspection imaging of defects in multi-layered insulation.
    • The proposed LAEWCMD method significantly enhanced the longitudinal discrimination ability, overcoming limitations in distinguishing surface reflections.
    • High-precision 3D reconstruction of defects was achieved, showcasing the method's effectiveness on aircraft TPS.

    Conclusions:

    • Continuous-wave terahertz FMCW detection is a viable advanced NDT tool for multi-layered bonding structures.
    • The LAEWCMD method provides a significant improvement for terahertz NDT, enabling better defect localization and characterization.
    • This research offers a novel approach for terahertz computed tomography imaging and NDT applications in critical infrastructure.