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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Broadband rapid-scanning phase-modulated Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy.

Ariba Javed, Julian Lüttig, Stephanie E Sanders

|November 14, 2024

Summary

We developed a novel phase-modulated technique for ultrabroadband Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy, overcoming limitations of acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) for enhanced signal detection in biological samples.

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High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

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Published on: December 22, 2015

Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Quantum Optics
Biophysics

Background:

Acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) introduce bandwidth limitations and spatial chirp in ultrabroadband spectroscopy.
Existing Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy methods struggle with low-frequency noise and limited spectral resolution.
Phase modulation is crucial for advanced spectroscopic techniques but challenging to implement broadly.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a phase-modulated approach for ultrabroadband Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy.
To overcome bandwidth limitations and spatial chirp associated with acousto-optic modulators (AOMs).
To enable continuous, rapid-scanning spectroscopy with high signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution.

Main Methods:

Utilizing phase modulation of 1 µm laser pulses prior to continuum generation in a yttrium aluminum garnet crystal.
Employing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to interfere phase-modulated continua with differing modulation frequencies.
Implementing physical under-sampling and low-frequency noise suppression through interferometric tracking of relative time delays.

Main Results:

Successfully transferred phase modulation to the generated continuum.
Achieved physical under-sampling and suppressed low-frequency noise.
Demonstrated continuous, rapid-scanning Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy with high signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution.

Conclusions:

The phase-modulated approach effectively overcomes limitations of traditional acousto-optic modulators (AOMs).
This technique enables high-performance ultrabroadband Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy.
The method was validated by measuring linear absorption and fluorescence excitation spectra of laser dyes and biological samples.