Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

11.3K

Chirally-coupled-ring fibers for arbitrary-order orbital angular momentum mode generation and detection

Xiongfeng Rao, Li Yang, Suwan Qin

    Optics Express
    |November 14, 2024
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation10:52

    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

    Published on: February 4, 2017

    9.7K
    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry12:14

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    21.7K

    Related Concept Videos

    Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

    Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

    Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
    The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
    973
    IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

    IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

    Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
    922
    ¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

    ¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

    The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
    In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
    1.7K
    NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

    NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

    The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
    1.3K
    IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

    IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

    When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
    Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
    1.9K
    Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

    Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

    In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
    Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
    889